What is a Capital Campaign?

A capital campaign is a targeted fundraising effort that takes place over a defined period of time. As a nonprofit professional, you already know the importance of fundraising, and capital campaigns are one of the most impactful methods to help your mission.

In order to conduct an effective fundraising campaign for your nonprofit, you need ample planning and consideration. Typically, there are two overarching phases for capital campaigns: the quiet phase and the public phase.

During the quiet phase, 50%-70% of the funds are raised through major gifts strategies. And during the public phase, the remaining funds are raised by soliciting donations from a larger population of donors.

More often than not, capital campaigns are used by organizations, like hospitals and educational institutions, to raise money for concrete projects such as new construction and building renovations — hence the nickname, brick-and-mortar campaigns.

Uses of Capital Campaigns:

Construction or Expansion of Buildings

Acquisition of Land

Large-Scale Equipment/Supplies Purchases

Table of Contents

Capital Campaign Fundraising Explained

How Are Capital Campaigns Unique?

Capital campaigns differ from other forms of fundraising in that they are massive projects that can span multiple years and cost thousands of dollars. As such, capital campaigns often require a targeted fundraising effort with specific phases.

Before donating, supporters know exactly what it is they’re helping to accomplish.

Whereas other types of campaigns will have general goals and benchmarks to aim for, the goals of a capital campaign are more specific and clearly laid out as the campaign progresses through its phases. The end goal of a capital campaign is rarely an abstract change; it is almost always something concrete, like a building or equipment.

Additionally, the distinct phases of capital campaigns set them apart from other forms of fundraising in that they offer an obvious delineation between private fundraising and public appeals.

Why Launch a Capital Campaign?

Capital campaigns are most useful when you know you have a set time frame to accomplish a major fundraising feat.

A nonprofit, university, or hospital might choose to launch a capital campaign over hosting any other sort of fundraiser for a number of reasons.

However, the decision ultimately boils down to need.

Capital campaigns are often the only way that an organization can fund a vital expansion, such as a new building or other large-scale construction project, that would further its project. 

What Types of Nonprofits Use Capital Campaigns?

Although any nonprofit looking to raise funds can benefit from a capital campaign, they are usually run by larger organizations who have equally large needs and projects on their dockets.

There are two main categories of organization that most regularly rely on capital campaigns:

Both organization types tend to require help with substantial, concrete projects more often than other categories of nonprofit.

What Makes Capital Campaigns Successful?

The most effective capital campaigns combine the power of traditional fundraising methods with the incentive of an immediate and tangible need.

Just as having a solid foundation for a building is important for the overall integrity of the architecture, capital campaigns depend on several key components to be highly effective.

For this reason, it’s important for your team to thoroughly plan out your capital campaign’s strategy prior to launching your campaign.

Don’t forget to remind your donors and potential supporters about matching gift opportunities. Many donors feel more inclined to lend their support to a capital campaign when they know their donation will be matched by their employer, enabling your organization to accomplish so much more.

To get started, consider some of the following components of successful capital campaigns as you begin plotting out your strategy.

The components of a successful capital campaign include, but are not limited to:

Strict deadlines with a set end date.

A clear goal.

A quiet phase for major gifts.

A focused team.

A targeted plan.

A public phase for all gift types.

Planning a Capital Campaign

Understanding a Capital Campaign Timeline

1. Planning

Within the planning phase, you must complete a feasibility study, assemble your team, set your goals, deadlines, and budget, and conduct a prospect screening.

2. Quiet Phase

Here, you’ll focus on the top major gift leads. This phase can take upwards of a year. 50-70% of your funds will be raised during this phase, so it’s absolutely crucial.

3. Kick-Off

The kick-off phase marks the launch of your campaign. After months quietly courting major donors, it’s time to host a press conference and throw a launch party.

4. Public Phase

Finally, you’ll extend your reach out to the community and smaller donors. The public phase can also encompass follow-through: the wrap-up to your efforts.

Learn more about capital campaign timelines!

Capital Campaign Team Members Explained

In-House Team Members

Committee-Related Team Members

Board Members

  • What is their role? Board members will be involved in the day-to-day planning and execution of your capital campaign, but they’ll also be at the forefront of big picture discussions.
  • Why are they important? Board members are crucial on two levels. Any time you’re expending money and/or resources, you’ll need board approval. You also want them there to help secure major gifts, especially during the quiet phase.

Campaign Chair

  • What is their role? Your campaign chair is going to be one of the most crucial team members. The chair will be in charge of overseeing your committee(s) and act as an ambassador for your capital campaign within the community.
  • Why are they important? They can set the stage by contributing an early major gift, and they can also most effectively promote and advocate for your campaign.

Staff

  • What is their role? Capital campaigns often enlist the help of major gifts officers, prospect researchers, volunteer coordinators, event planners, and marketing coordinators among others to bring their unique expertise to the table.
  • Why are they important? By strategically picking key players that you know will be committed to seeing this project through, you position your capital campaign for prosperity.

Planning Committee

  • What is their role? Your capital campaign planning committee should be formed to help plan the campaign and will consist of between 10 and 15 members.
  • Why are they important? Including top-level development staff, some board members, and volunteers who are prominent community members, the planning committee will get things rolling in the right direction.

Volunteers

  • What is their role? When you really think about it, almost everyone on your capital campaign team is a volunteer of some sort. It’s important to pick just the right players to round out your league.
  • Why are they important? No fundraising endeavor would be complete without the input and manpower that volunteers selflessly provide.

Steering Committee

  • What is their role? It is the committee most directly involved with the ongoing maintenance of the capital campaign. As such, it’ll share some members with the planning committee but will feature new additions as well.
  • Why are they important? The steering committee is in charge of making sure everything runs as it is supposed to throughout the campaign.
Read more about the essential components of a capital campaign!

Hiring a Capital Campaign Consultant

If you’re looking to plan and execute a capital campaign, it’s worth considering asking for help from the experts: capital campaign consultants. 

What Kind of Help is Needed?

When you’re working through what your campaign will involve, make note of any areas where you think you’ll need help.

Then, prioritize those needs and look for consultants who will meet them. Maybe you’re worried about the major gifts you’ll need to acquire during the quiet phase. Maybe you’re in desperate need of some guidance for your feasibility study.

Bottom line: Before you can hire a consultant, you need to know what you’re looking to gain and what services will help you get there.

What Kind of Access Do You Have?

As with any outside consultants, you should address practical concerns before deciding on a firm to move forward with.

For some organizations, you’ll want your consultant full-time, in office. For others, remote work with intermittent meetings is the best plan.

Bottom line: Finding a consultant who is able to offer you the level of access you need is critically important to a productive working relationship. To avoid problems down the road, make sure your expectations regarding access are clear from the get-go.

Do They Have Samples of Their Work?

Before you make any hiring decisions, you need a good sense for what a consultant’s past work product has been and the quality you can expect for your campaign.

Work samples will also give you an idea of the options you have and what you can request help with.

Bottom line: Before committing to any consultant, it’s highly advised that you get a feel for their track record and an accurate understanding of what you can expect to see during your own campaign. 

Learn more about hiring capital campaign consultants!

Learn more from the consultants themselves:

Learn more about Aly Sterling's capital campaign consultant services!

Aly Sterling Philanthropy

This consulting firm has proven experience helping nonprofits of all shapes, sizes, and focuses build sustainable solutions to help strengthen key aspects of your operations. Specifically, this firm focuses on assisting fundraising, strategic planning, executive searches, and board governance.

Learn more about Aly Sterling!
Capital Campaign Toolkit can help your organization's leaders navigate your next capital campaign.

Capital Campaign Toolkit

The Capital Campaign Toolkit empowers executive directors and development directors by providing them with the knowledge, confidence, resources and support they need to lead successful campaigns at an affordable price. The Toolkit is the only fully online and virtual campaign service available and is backed by a team of experienced campaign advisors. When you join the Toolkit, you join a growing community of successful fundraisers who are leading campaigns without a traditional campaign consultant.

Learn more about the Capital Campaign Toolkit!
Learn more about how Averill Fundraising Solutions can work with you on your capital campaign.

Averill

A full-service consulting firm that brings over 75 years of experience, Averill empowers nonprofits with the capacity and confidence they need to achieve their capital campaign goals. Averill adheres to proven best practices in campaign strategy and direction, feasibility studies, and leadership training.

Learn more about Averill Fundraising Solutions!
Donorly is a great fundraising consultant agency.

Donorly

Donorly is a nonprofit consulting team that prioritizes donor and prospect research. Their data-based approach, along with their emphasis on a collaborative culture, have benefited nonprofits in every sector. They offer services in consulting as well as board expansion and interim staffing services.

Learn more about Donorly's services!
Learn more about Jeffrey Byrne's capital campaign consultant services!

Jeffrey Byrne + Associates

This consulting firm brings a unique approach to fundraising by connecting major stakeholders to missions. They’ve guided more than 320 diverse organizations through campaigns that have raised a total of over $1 billion in funds. Areas of expertise include capital campaign planning and donor identification.

Learn more about Jeffrey Byrne!

Performing a Feasibility Study

What Are They?

Through the use of surveys, and often outside help from consultants, nonprofits use feasibility studies to gauge whether or not they’ll be able to meet the goals they hope to accomplish with a potential capital campaign.

What Do They Involve?

Prior to launching your capital campaign’s quiet phase, you’ll interview 20-40 members of the community (including a few prominent board members) to see if they would be willing and able to help fund the project in question.

What is the End Result?

At the feasibility study’s close, you should know if there is enough interest and support to move forward, and you’ll also want to know how much your existing donor pool can and will realistically contribute.

Read more about feasibility studies!

Setting a Capital Campaign Budget

Budget with your goal in mind

Once you have a desired dollar amount in place for your fundraising goal, it’s time to come up with a concrete budget.

On average, a capital campaign will cost an organization upwards of 10% of the end goal.

Say, for instance, that your nonprofit aims to raise $10 million. That campaign would likely cost $1 million.

Consider campaign costs

Many nonprofits forget to factor in campaign costs when setting goals.

Capital campaign activities range from events to face-to-face fundraising to direct mail (and many other fundraising strategies).

It’s important to map out exactly what your campaign plans are and plan your budget for all foreseeable activities.

Consider the costs of a consultant

Another consideration that you need to factor into your budget is the cost of a consultant’s services.

Decide whether it’s worthwhile to hire a consultant and the extent of the help you’ll require.

Make sure to allot enough funds in your budget to pay for the consultant’s services.

Check out more tips on setting a budget and planning a capital campaign!

Creating Gift Range Charts

A gift range chart is your nonprofit’s way of mapping out future gifts. It helps break your capital campaign fundraising goal into more manageable chunks. Essentially, you’ll take your total dollar amount goal and divide that amount across giving levels.

In your gift range chart, you’ll list out how many gifts of a certain size you’re looking to secure. The larger the gift, the fewer the donations of that quantity you’ll be aiming for.

Thus, you will be able to see how many people you’ll need to solicit for each gift size in order to meet your fundraising goals.

This is not meant to be a hard-and-fast rule but rather a guideline to help lead your fundraising efforts when you get to the solicitation phase.

Make sure when you display your gift range chart, you illustrate the effects that taking advantage of matching gifts can have on the campaign as a whole. You can demonstrate how, when participating in a matching gift program, a mid-range gift can easily become a major gift!

Gift range charts are valuable capital campaign tools.

Running a Capital Campaign

Identifying Major Gift Donors

Why Start with Major Donors?

Major donors are a major factor in your campaign’s success. Approximately 60% of your capital campaign’s total will consist of funds from major donors (mostly acquired during the quiet phase).

Look for candidates with both an affinity for your organization and the ability to gift a large donation.

Learn more about the basics of major gifts!

How Do You Find Major Donors?

Prospect research will help you identify major donors through the investigation of key characteristics that influence a person’s warmth toward your nonprofit and capacity to give a major gift.

Those characteristics involve a combination of wealth markers and philanthropic indicators.

Learn more about prospect research!

Capital Campaign Best Practices

Before The Campaign

Invest in software to track donor contributions and information.

Capital campaigns can often span multiple years, meaning you’ll have hoards of donor data to track. Before you even think about launching a capital campaign, make sure that you’re using your CRM properly and keeping accurate records of donor behavior.

This way, you’ll know that you have dependable and dedicated software as you plan and conduct your campaign. After it’s done, your software should collect all the important data that you can learn from at the conclusion of the campaign.

Conduct a feasibility study.

As you learned earlier, a feasibility study is used to gauge whether or not you will meet the goals of your potential capital campaign. Without a feasibility study prior to your campaign, you risk investing a lot of time and money into something that won’t follow through.

An unsuccessful capital campaign can be hugely detrimental to your nonprofit’s reputation, so a feasibility study is crucial. Once the study is done, you can better plan your campaign and move forward.

Set goals and timeline.

With your feasibility study, you can now set a realistic goal and timeline for your capital campaign. It’s important that your goal is ambitious, but also reasonable.

A good idea is to create a gift range chart. This shows the number of donations you will need to reach a fundraising goal, with specifications on the number of gifts at varying levels you’ll need to raise. This chart will act as a guide during the campaign.

Craft a compelling campaign slogan.

Your capital campaign should also create a unique tagline. The right slogan ensures that your capital campaign stands out from the pack.

From your slogan, potential supporters should be able to easily grasp what’s at the core of your campaign.

During The Campaign

Offer incentives to your major gift donors.

One of the best ways to entice major gift donors to contribute to your capital campaign is to offer exciting incentives.

For example, let’s say you’re constructing a new building. Offering your major gift donors naming opportunities to the building is one surefire way to get them to break out all the stops.

Get full board participation.

Let your board lead your donors by example. 100% participation from your board shows donors that the campaign is something your whole team believes in.

Plus, your board members are bound to be some of your best major gift prospects!

Maintain a consistent brand.

It is absolutely crucial that your capital campaign has a cohesive brand. It helps tie all of your efforts together and makes the work you do recognizable across your various fundraising channels.

Stay consistent throughout your marketing materials, starting with your case statement.

Keep supporters updated on progress.

While it’s important to keep donors in the know during any sort of fundraising campaign, it’s especially vital to update supporters during a capital campaign.

In order to keep the momentum up throughout the duration of your efforts, you must have a steady flow of communication with the people whom you plan to ask for help along the way.

Vary fundraising efforts.

You already know that capital campaigns span a large length of time and require months of planning. It’s important that you vary your fundraising efforts, especially during different phases of the campaign.

Besides online and digital engagement, consider face-to-face interactions, whether it’s one-on-one or through a large event.

After The Campaign

Host an event.

Nothing says “thank you” quite like a spectacular celebration. And as you probably know, it’s vital to the success of your organization on the whole to have happy donors.

Show them some love for the support they’ve shown you!

Highlight contributors who have helped you make the biggest leaps and bounds throughout your campaign.

Show your gratitude.

The end celebration is the big “thank you,” but it’s definitely not the only time you should show your appreciation.

In order to have a healthy, successful capital campaign, you should thank your donors immediately, sincerely, and often.

Highlight Matching Gift Opportunities.

Make sure your capital campaign supporters know how to maximize their impact by informing them of matching gift opportunities. Matching gift programs allow corporate employers to match their employee’s charitable donations, effectively doubling, or even tripling, the influence of a single donor.

Highlight these opportunities by giving them access to a matching gift database where they can check their eligibility. Your capital campaign can meet its goals much faster when supported by your donors and their employers!

Discover more great tips for optimizing your capital campaign!

Capital Campaign Grants

What Exactly is a Capital Campaign Grant?

The goal of a capital campaign grant is to make a large contribution to worthy renovation projects that will enhance the mission of the recipient charity.

Grants are sought at the outset of a campaign and often set nonprofits up with the possibility of encountering other major gift donors.

Are They Different Than Challenge Grants?

Challenge grants require nonprofits to complete a challenge (hence the name) or match funds in order to receive the grant money.

Capital campaign grants don’t typically require either of those stipulations. A capital campaign grant can be a challenge grant, but it doesn’t necessarily have to be.

How Do You Seek Out a Grant for Your Organization?

Much in the same way you’d apply for any other grant, you’ll want to start by seeking out institutions that award grants to nonprofits like your own. Then, start drafting your proposal.

Once you’ve crafted an elegant proposal that gets to the heart of your campaign’s mission, submit it for approval.

Learn more about the grant writing process!

Capital Campaign Marketing Materials

Case Statement

What is it? Your case for support both summarizes the work you’re looking to do and persuades supporters to get involved. It also provides a broader justification for why your nonprofit exists and why the project is needed.

What should it look like? It should include a brief background summary of your organization, an explanation of the project and goal, details on why the project is important, and a defense of why you’re doing this now.

Website

What is it? Consider creating a separate site for your capital campaign or a dedicated page. Instead of directing supporters to your main site in your online promotions, you can send them directly to your campaign website/page.

What should it include? Within the site, you should provide the donation page for your capital campaign, event registration forms, progress updates on the campaign, and engagement materials like videos and photos.

Brochures

What are they? Brochures are a great way to give detailed information about your capital campaign to donors and prospects in a tangible format. It’ll be a natural extension of the ideas from the case for support you’ve crafted.

What should they look like? Your capital campaign brochures should include information about different giving levels, donor incentives, and ways to give.

Slogan

What is it? Capital campaign slogans are brief, catchy ways of communicating your campaign’s brand. The slogan is a big part of how you’ll differentiate the campaign’s efforts from your other fundraising endeavors.

What should it include? It should be a cohesive symbol of your branding. It should be short, to the point, and connected to work your campaign is doing.

Letters

What are they? Use letters to market your capital campaign to your supporters that prefer direct mail. Don’t underestimate the value of a well-crafted appeal letter.

What should they include? Campaign letters should be personal, clearly explain your capital campaign, make a genuine appeal, and thank donors in advance.

Pledge Cards

What are they? Your capital campaign pledge cards should match the branding of the rest of your campaign and can be sent in the mail, given out at events, or provided during meetings.

What should they include? The card should include a space for donors’ names, contact information, donation amount, and a payment schedule.

Check out more capital campaign marketing tips!

Additional Resources

Conducting prospect research is crucial to capital campaign success.

Prospect Research: The Ultimate Guide

Does your capital campaign have the right prospect research in line?

Brush up on everything there is to know about this valuable strategy with our newly-updated Prospect Research Ultimate Guide!

Discover everything you need to know about prospect research!
Learn all about capital campaigns with Aly Sterling Philanthropy's helpful guide.

Capital Campaigns: The Ultimate Guide

Still have questions about planning and executing capital campaigns?

Check out this in-depth resource from Aly Sterling Philanthropy to learn all you can about this important fundraising subject!

Check out this comprehensive guide to capital campaigns!
Your capital campaign should have a major gift officer leading the charge to secure major gifts.

Major Gifts and Major Gift Officers: The Basics

How do major gifts fit into your capital campaign’s fundraising plan?

Discover more about major gifts and how you can successfully solicit them with our extensive guide!

Find out more about the basics of major gifts fundraising!
Set the right capital campaign goals with Averill Fundraising Solutions' in-depth guide.

Capital Campaigns: Setting Goals

Wondering how to set the right capital campaign goals?

Perfect the goal setting process and exceed your campaign’s expectations with Averill Fundraising Solutions’ guide!

Learn more about setting capital campaign fundraising goals!